Research Database

This chapter concludes that Vietnam and Malaysia are leading the race to Net Zero compared to Indonesia due to the availability of renewable energy financing and incentives for project developers.

This research aims to apply the system dynamic model to simulate sustainable targets for CO2 emission reductions until 2050. The simulation was limited to factors influencing the cement industry’s CO2, as described in the IEA’s recommendations, and the scenarios were based on the AHP (analytical hierarchy process) results from the stakeholders.

This article summarises the results of an empirical investigation on the potential for economic growth, renewable energy use, technical advancement, and forest cover in Indonesia to reduce CO2 emissions using DOLS approach to analyze the time series data covering 1990-2020.

The paper investigates how trade openness and green bond issuance influence renewable energy consumption in Southeast Asia, revealing that green bonds effectively promote renewable energy deployment and increased trade openness drives consumption by facilitating technology transfer and interactions with sustainability leaders, proposing policy recommendations like standardizing green bonds, fostering green scientific networks, and promoting digital green initiatives.

Indonesia aims to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060 by transitioning to renewables, electrification, energy efficiency improvements, and Carbon Capture and Storage, despite a projected 375% increase in final energy consumption by 2060 from 2018 levels.

Indonesia, as the largest economy in Southeast Asia with a population exceeding 270 million, faces a doubling of energy demand by 2050, primarily driven by economic growth but currently relies heavily on fossil fuels, especially coal. However, the imperative to address environmental concerns, avoid resource depletion, and adapt to global energy transition trends underscores the need for a shift to renewable energy sources to achieve a sustainable net-zero future.

This study recommends an effective adaptation initiatives at local level and its integration into existing development plans.

This study examines Indonesia's power generation plans, aiming for 23%, 28%, and 31% renewable energy by 2025, 2038, and 2050. Four scenarios are analyzed: BAU, CO (cost optimization), NP (national plan), and ZC (zero-carbon). The BAU scenario, based on PLN's 2019-2028 plan, lacks renewable targets and has the highest total power production cost of $180.51 billion by 2050. The CO scenario, with the lowest cost of $89.21 billion, aims to meet renewables mandates efficiently but may face practical challenges.

The Indonesian Government, aligning with the Paris Agreement, plans to fulfill its commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In 2060, the estimated total energy demand is 1800 TWh, with a significant shift towards alternative energy sources, notably nuclear power, which contributes 247 TWh (16.5%) to the total energy mix, aiming to reduce CO2 emissions significantly compared to fossil fuels.