The Republic of the Union of Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the second-largest country in Southeast Asia. Its population will reach 55.29 million in 2021 [1]. Myanmar’s GDP is expected to reach 372.77 billion USD in 2021. With abundant natural resources and a young demographic surplus, there are opportunities for economic acceleration in the future. Currently, the most productive sectors of Myanmar’s economy are the electricity and oil and gas industries, which are open to foreign investment in several sectors. Since August 2016, China has been the largest foreign investor (about 18 billion USD) in Myanmar, followed by Singapore (about 13 billion USD). Nay Pyi Taw is the official capital of Myanmar, while Yangon (formerly “Rangoon”) is the largest city.
[1] ASEAN Secretariat. ASEAN Statistical Highlight 2022
Myanmar is the 2nd largest country in ASEAN with a total land area of 676,577 km2. It is populated by around 55.29 million at a growth rate of 0.7% as in 2021 Myanmar’s population contributes 8.32% of the total ASEAN population or ranks at the 5th. On the other hand, Myanmar has a relatively low Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, which is only 1,314.4 USD in 2021.
[1] Population Growth (annual %) – Myanmar, The World Bank (2021)

[2] GDP per Capita (in USD) – Myanmar, The World Bank (2021)

NDC Target
Source: UNFCCC NDC Registry – Myanmar
Myanmar is identified as one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change. Myanmar’s INDC has been submitted to the UNFCCC in 2015 and ratified the Paris Agreement in 2016. The INDC includes both mitigation and adaptation contributions. Mitigation targets mainly cover Forestry, Electricity, and Rural Renewable Energy sectors while adaptation contributions are in line with priority sectors in its NAPA (2012). The forestry sector is one of the most important sectors for mitigation actions and policies. Its targets are area based on the:
- Increase the Reserved Forest (RF) and Protected Public Forest (PPF) to 30% of the total national land area.
- Increase the Protected Areas Systems (PAS) to cover 10% of the total national land area by 2030.
Currently, Myanmar is preparing to complete its NDC report in the coming months and submit UNFCCC in time. Myanmar as part of its NDC is committed to contributing to an unconditional reduction of emissions of 244.52 million tCO2e, and a total of 414.75 million tCO2e, subject to international financial conditions and technical support by 2030, this is in the framework of Myanmar’s efforts to control the impacts of global climate change based on the state of its country.
Energy Sector
NDC Target
Increase the share of renewables

30%
of the total renewable energy
in rural electrification
Energy Sector
NDC Target
Distribute energy efficiency cookstoves

260,000
units
(2016-2031)
Energy Sector
NDC Target
Realise electricity saving potential

20%
Compared to
Business-as-usual (BAU)
Energy Sector
NDC Target
Increase the share of hydroelectric generation by 2030

9.4 GW
Compared to
Business-as-usual (BAU)
Forestry Sector
NDC Target
Increase Reserved Forest and Protected Public Forest

30%
of total land area
by 2030
Forestry Sector
NDC Target
Increase Protected Area Systems

10%
of total land area
by 2030