Research Database

In the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries, where the energy sector accounts for 84% of CO2 emissions, achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 would require the adoption of efficient technologies, renewable energy sources providing at least 81% of electricity, and the implementation of advanced low-carbon technologies, such as carbon capture and storage, particularly in coal, natural gas, and bioenergy industries, along with the utilization of electric vehicles in the transport sector, as essential measures to decarbonize the energy systems.

This study examines Indonesia's power generation plans, aiming for 23%, 28%, and 31% renewable energy by 2025, 2038, and 2050. Four scenarios are analyzed: BAU, CO (cost optimization), NP (national plan), and ZC (zero-carbon). The BAU scenario, based on PLN's 2019-2028 plan, lacks renewable targets and has the highest total power production cost of $180.51 billion by 2050. The CO scenario, with the lowest cost of $89.21 billion, aims to meet renewables mandates efficiently but may face practical challenges.