Description

This article aims to provide a general techno-economic review of CCUS systems. The technology readiness, technical performance, energy requirement and cost associated with CO₂ capture, separation, transport, utilisation and storage technologies were discussed and compared. Then, a review on CO₂ transportation by pipeline, ship, truck and rail was presented, followed by a review on CO₂ utilisation pathways for direct usage and through conversion into other products. Lastly, different CO₂ storage options were reviewed, which include storage through CO₂-enhanced oil recovery, in depleted oil and gas fields, in saline formations, in basalt and ultramafic rocks, in coal seams through enhanced coal bed methane recovery and in the deep ocean. This article concluded that the challenges with current CCUS technologies can possibly be overcome by developing a commercially viable hybrid system comprising more than one technology. However, this approach needs to be further investigated for industrial applications.