Input-output and structural decomposition analysis of Singapore’s carbon emissions

Author(s)

(a) Bin Su; (b) B.W. Ang; (c)Yingzhu Li

Country(ies)

Publisher

Published Date

June 2017

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DOI

10.1016/j.enpol.2017.03.027
Affiliation

National University of Singapore

Abstract

Singapore is an island city-state. It lacks conventional energy resources and is alternative energy disadvantaged. In the past decade (2000-2010), its energy-related carbon emissions increased from 37.8 to 44.4 million tonnes of CO2. This paper analyses the city state’s carbon emissions from the demand perspective using the input-output (I-O) method and investigate the drivers of emission changes using structural decomposition analysis (SDA). It is the first comprehensive analysis of Singapore’s emissions using the I-O framework. The results obtained show that exports accounted for nearly two-thirds of its total emissions and growth in its emissions in the last decade was largely export-driven. Emissions increased as export-oriented industries and export volume expanded. Fuel switching and energy efficiency, however, helped to lower growth in emissions. Besides exports, household-related emissions accounted for about a quarter of Singapore’s total emissions. The emissions related to different household groups remained fairly stable as increases in embodied (indirect) emissions were offset by decreases in direct emissions. The high-income household group registered the largest increase in direct emissions, while the middle-income household group registered the largest increase in embodied emissions. The policy implications of our findings are discussed.

 

Cite

Su, B., Ang, B.W., Li, Y.Z., 2017. Input-output and structural decomposition analysis of Singapore’s carbon emissions. Energy Policy 105, 484-492

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