Thailand is one of the most vulnerable countries to the impact of climate change. Therefore, the country sets their NDC scope
and coverage to economy-wide sectors with the energy sector as the country’s largest GHG emission contributor, accounting for 69.06%
of total emissions in 2018.
Thailand does not provide a breakdown of their sectoral targets but they do mention sectors, gases, categories and pools covered by the nationally determined contribution, including, as applicable, consistent with IPCC guidelines which are:
Key Sectors: Economy-wide (including Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU), Agriculture, Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF), and Waste)
GHGs: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃).
Thailand has expressed their priorities on water resources management sector, agriculture and food security, tourism, public health, natural resources management and human settlements as well as security sector under the Thailand National Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs). The country is seeking on developing research and deployment of advanced technology as part of their climate mitigation strategy.
Thailand incorporates sustainability inside their National Strategy (2018-2037) with the vision of being “a secure nation, contented people, continued growth, an equal society, and sustainable natural resources”. In its plan, the country promotes the mutual growth and balance of the economy, environment, and quality of life to ensure sustainability for future generations. Other than its national plan, Thailand also have their own Long Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy which acts as the country’s power generation roadmap in achieving net-zero GHG emission.
| Topic | Title | Year | Issuing Ministry |
|---|---|---|---|
| Economy and Social, One point energy | 13th National Economic and Social Development 2023 – 2027 |
2023 | Office of the National Economic and Social Development Council, Office of Prime Minister |
| Climate Change and Energy | Thailand’s Fourth Biennial Update Report |
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning, Climate Change Management & Coordination Division |
|
| Climate Change | Climate Change Master Plan B.E. 2558-2593 (2015-2050) |
2015 | Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy & Planning, Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment |
| Energy Generation | Thailand Power Development Plan (2015-2036) |
2015 | Ministry of Energy |
Thailand Smart Grid Development Master Plan B.E 2558-2579 (2015 – 2036) |
2015 | Ministry of Energy | |
| Energy, Climate | Energy Efficiency Plan B.E 2561-2580 (2018 – 2037) |
2018 | Department of Alternative Energy Development & Efficiency, Ministry of Energy |
| Energy | Alternative Energy Development Plan B.E. 2561-2580 (2018 – 2037) |
2018 | Department of Alternative Energy Development & Efficiency, Ministry of Energy |
| Climate Change | Bangkok Master Plan on Climate Change 2013-2023 |
2015 | Governor of Bangkok |
| Industrial | National Industrial Development Master Plan B.E. 2555 – 2574 (2012 – 2031) |
||
| Climate Adaptation | National Adaptation Plan |
2023 | Minister of Natural Resources and Environment, Prime Minister Office |
| Master Plan for Sustainable Transport System and Mitigation of Climate Change Impacts (2013 – 2030) |
Types of energy sources used in TPES of Thailand are diverse, with oil being dominant. This is followed by gas, which the amount has been increasing gradually since 2009. However, the consumption of coal is decreasing at a low dropping rate. These indicate that Thailand is moving towards a cleaner TPES.
Oil is the main energy consumer by the end users and is followed by electricity. Otherwise, the biodiesel sector is for solid growth throughout 2020-2022 as consumption is forecast to increase by 5-10% per year to an average of 5.8-6.5 million liters per day.
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